Hi Mark,
As the saying goes .... "Well you see, it all depends !"
I guess first off, how big is the canal boat and, if you have an idea, how heavy is it? and secondly what is the motor you are using?
A 30mm prop does seem a wee bit on the small side, especially given that you have room in the boat for a 12 volt 7Ah SLA.
How much you could increase the prop diameter by will depend on how much clearance you have between the end of the prop shaft and the underside of the hull and obviously whether or not the motor could take it (increase in power consumption). Completely out of scale (but cheap to try), you could perhaps fit a 2 blade plastic racing prop that has a much greater pitch of the largest diameter you can squeeze in without fouling the hull bottom.
I know I've had to play around with props quite a lot to get the best setup so you're not alone in this!!
Iain