Tim, You need to know the dimensions of the original, so say for arguments sake the original length is 5 metres long and the drawing you have measures up as the length is 500 mm, 0.5 metres, long then the scale is 5 divided by 0.5 or 1/10th scale.
If the original was 6 metres long and your drawing has a length of 400 mm, 0.4 metres, long then the scale would be 6 divided by 0.4 or 1/15th scale.
Working backwards of course if you want a particular scale you can work out what the length of the drawing should be to give you that scale.
You need to know the original dimensions though. or at least one of them!