From the International NavRules book (USCG COMDINST M16672.2D) it appears black backing boards have been required since 1972 (or 1977 when the 72 COLREGS went into effect):
(Page 140)
5. Screens for sidelights
The sidelights of vessels of 20 meters or more in length shall be fitted with inboard screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of Section 9 of this Annex. On vessels of less than 20 meters in length the sidelights, if necessary to meet the requirements of Section 9 of this Annex, shall be fitted with inboard matt black screens. With a combined lantern, using a single vertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and red sections, external screens need not be fitted.