Colin....simply a hammer head on a vertical shaft that is driven by an eccentric ....so the hammer
drops down toward the anvil on each revolution
Different types of shoes are attached to the chuck on the shaft to progressively forge the profile with each successive downward stroke
The operator or forge man manually shifted & rotated the work piece between drops etc...........as he literally controlled the final profile - forging was actually an employment trade akin to blacksmithing........both being hot & heavy work & not for the feint hearted

Naturally many variations in design/drive & control on the theme to cater for forging 1 ton to 5 lb shapes ......
Similar, but not to be confused with larger monolithic hot forging machines..........
We now have forges that are CNC electro hydraulic controlled & very little manual intervention.........Derek