For a rough eyeball estimate:
1/ Put the prop on a flat surface and measure the 'height' (or 'depth') of a blade with a ruler stood on end (ie, parallel to the shaft axis).
2/ Assuming the edges of the blades are near each other (ie, if you look at the prop along the shaft line there isn't much/any gap or overlap between the closest parts of the blades) then for a 3-bladed prop multiply the result in 1 above by 3, or for a 4-blade multiply by 4.
If there is a significant gap between the blades increase the multiplier a bit, or if the blades overlap reduce it. Eg, if the blades are very narrow so the gap between the blades is about as big as the blades make the 3 a 6 or the 4 an 8. Pro-rata for other permutations.