I know there was Standing Rigging such as the Shrouds (They hold the masts up and have the ratlines tied to them) and then there is running rigging, which include all of the sheets etc used to raise, lower and adjust the sails etc.
The former can be depicted black-brown as they suffered the elements and were soaked in pitch, while the running rigging was a more natural colour-linen like as they were tugged about and often stowed away when not used. As to names etc, I am as fresh to it as you and it can change from era to era as sail and rigging evolved.
There are some good videos on Youtube showing the tying of ratlines and other rope types, also one of last year's Model Boats had a good article on folding sails, it is more involved than I imagined!