Hi regiment, hope you are well! The 12 volt motor should work on 1 1/2 volts and any voltage to 12 volts. If you let the motor run without too much load most motors will run with a 50% higher voltage. 12 volts is only an indicator and more concerned with the higher voltage when the motor is stalled (never do it please) when the current is at its highest.
Slowing down the speed of the motor increases the current due to the extra work it is doing usually comes out in heat, both in the motor and the battery.
kind regards
Roy