First time I saw that I also thought what a great source of repurposing for meters, switches etc. I hold no nostalgia for that like I don't have for CRT TV's with pushbuttons. That shouldn't be scrapped though. And there are far safer chargers out there now for not much outlay. Mind you I found one of those o eBay at the moment wanting pretty much 60USD!
Yes, a parts mine.
Normal rules of the road that I would be thinking, is " Ground line universally black wire. Positive in to wherever it starts to be switched, red, or something with a strong red component." Looks like MFA, when they built it, didn't have quite the range of wire colours available that they maybe should. Looking at the layout, not knowing exactly what is going on inside the switches, but looking at the other components, I have to wonder why they bothered with the voltage labelling. It does look to a casual glance, is if the switch pointer doesn't really alter the circuit, but just acts as a reminder as to what battery should be connected.
Those big white things are either 10 or 7 Watt resistors mounted on a heat sink. From experience, they can get really, really hot. If the heat sink is replaced by a well wrapped wick, you have the basis of an oil evaprating smoke unit, but this is not for the squeamish.